2009年9月30日水曜日

日本史のサマリ

何となく英語の年表を探していたら、80個程度の少ない項目で日本史の概略をまとめてあるのを見つけた。→リンク
見慣れた日本史のキーワードが英文で書かれているのを見ると、何か新鮮で面白い。結構覚えているのも多いが、量も手ごろな事だし、この際西暦を全部覚えてしまう事にした。
Japanese Chronological Table
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Start of human activity on the Japanese archipelago.

ca.100,000B.C.



Spread of Late Paleolithic Culture.

ca.30,000B.C.



First use of pottery on Japanese archipelago.

ca.10,000B.C.



First production of clay images.

ca.7,000B.C.



First large Jomon communities.

ca.3,000B.C.



Establishment of Yayoi Culture in northern Kyushu. Start of rice cultivation.

ca.300B.C.



King Na of Wa (Japan) sends tribute to Eastern Han dynasty and is bestowed gift of a gold seal.

57 A.D.



First construction of large graves with burial mounds in western Japan.

ca.200



Queen Himiko of Yamatai in Wa sends emissaries to Wei in China.

239



Keyhole-shaped burial mounds are constructed in many parts of western Japan.

ca.300



Wa sends troops to the Korean peninsula (monument of Haotai Wang).
Religious rites begin around this time on Okinoshima off the coast of Kyushu.

391



King of Wa starts in this year to send tribute to the Southern Court in China.

421



Forging of the iron swords later unearthed at the Inariyama Burial Mound in Saitama Prefecture.

471



Buddhism introduced from Paekche on the Korean peninsula (538 according to one theory).

552



King of Wa sends emissaries to the Sui Dynasty in China.

600



Prince Shotoku creates the Seventeen-Article Constitution.

604



First emissaries sent to the Tang Dynasty.

630



Taika Reforms.

645



Japanese troops defeated by troops of Tang and Silla on the Korean peninsula. Defenses of western Japan are strengthened.

663



Completion of the Taiho Ritsuryo Code. Establishment of a state based on the Ritsuryo laws.

701



Capital is moved to Heijokyo (Nara).

710



Construction of Tagajo Castle in Tohoku region (monument of Tagajo) .

724



Completion of the Great Buddha at Todaiji Temple.

752



Belongings of Emperor Shomu moved to Todaiji. Construction of Shosoin.

758



Hyakumanto Darani (Dharani of the Million Towers) is completed.

770



Transfer of the capital to Heiankyo (Kyoto).

794



Practice of sending emissaries to China is discontinued.

894



Fujiwara Michinaga takes hold of power. Flourishing of the Fujiwara family.

995



Murasaki Shikibu completes The Tale of Genji.

1005



Sutra mounds created in great numbers out of beliefs that Mappo (The Age of Decline) has started.

1052



Minamoto Yoritomo establishes his headquarters in Kamakura.

1180



Yoritomo becomes Seii tai shogun ("Barbarian Conquering General") and establishes the Kamakura shogunate.

1192



Monk Shinran founds the Jodo Shinshu Sect (Ikko Sect).

1224



Monk Ippen founds the Ji Sect.

1275



Collapse of Kamakura shogunate. Kamakura enveloped in the flames of war.

1333



Ashikaga Takauji becomes Seii tai shogun and founds the Muromachi shogunate.

1338



Japanese pirates begin raid along China's coastline.

1350



Ashikaga Yoshimitsu restores relations with Ming China. Ashikaga is recognized by the Ming court as the "King of Japan".

1401



Sho Hashi unites all of Okinawa and becomes the Ryukyu King.

1422



Do ikki uprising develops in Kyoto and results in the Tokusei edict. Tea ceremony begins to flourish at this time.

1441



Onin War. Kyoto is enveloped in flames of war.

1467



Ikko ikki breaks out in Kaga and assumes control of the entire Kaga Province.

1488



Asakura Norikage quells the Ikko ikki.

1531



Date Tanemune enacts the Jinkaishu which established domain. Daimyo in different areas begin at this time to enact their own legal systems.

1536



Portuguese bring guns to Tanegashima.

1543



Francis Xavier arrives in Japan to begin missionary activities.

1549



Fall of the Asakura daimyo family in Ichijodani, Echizen Province.

1573



Toyotomi Hideyoshi unites all of Japan.
Start of printing of Christian books in Romanized Japanese.

1590



Start of the system of Shuinsen or "red seal ships". Hideyoshi sends troops to Korea.

1592



Tokugawa Ieyasu becomes Seii tai shogun, establishes the Edo shogunate.

1603



Ieyasu has bronze movable type forged to print the Suruga edition.

1607



The hishigaki kaisen (lozenge-fenced cargo ships) begin to sail regularly between Edo and Osaka.

1619



Shogunate forbids Japanese to travel overseas.
Start of the sankin kotai system which required daimyo to reside alternate years in Edo.
Construction of national roads.

1635



Entry of Portuguese ships forbidden. Start of sakoku, a period in which Japan was closed off to the outside world.

1639



Dutch Trading Mission is moved to Dejima in Nagasaki which becomes the only port in Japan where foreign trade is allowed.

1641



Promulgation of the Keian no ofuregaki, a document outlining the duties and conduct of the farmers.

1649



Great Edo Fire. Following this, large spaces are created in the city to prevent further fires.

1657



Ainu rebellion in Ezochi (Hokkaido).

1669



Kawamura Zuiken opens eastern sea route. Western sea route is opened in following year.

1671



Start of Genroku Period. Development of Edo culture including Kabuki and Bunraku.

1688



Kyoho Famine. Rice stores broken into as prices on rice soar.

1732



Russian ships land in Ezochi, request trade.

1778



Ino Tadataka produces first accurate maps of the Japan's coastline.

1821



Franz von Siebold, a German physician of the Dutch Trading Mission, is banished from Japan for bringing maps of Japan out of the country.

1828



Admiral Perry arrives in Uraga and demands that Japan opens its ports.

1853



Japan concludes friendship treaties with the United States, Britain, Russia, France and the Netherlands. The ports of Hakodate, Shimoda and Nagasaki are opened to foreign trade.

1854



Meiji Restoration. Edo's name is changed to Tokyo ("Eastern Capital") .

1868



The Ryuku Islands become Okinawa Prefecture.

1879



Promulgation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.

1889



Outbreak of Russo-Japanese War.

1904



Korea becomes a Japanese colony.

1910



Japan presents China with a set of 21 demands for expanding its rights in China.

1915



Start of a financial panic. Government declares moratorium on gold standard.

1927



The so-called Liutaochu Incident is used as a pretext for the start of military maneuvers in northeast China. Start of invasion of China.

1931



Start of Pacific War.

1941



Promulgation of the Constitution of Japan. Agrarian reforms.

1946



Signing of the Treaty of San Francisco.

1951



Enactment of the Basic Agricultural Law.

1961



Start of the New Tokaido Railway (Shinkansen). Beginning of free economic system.

1964



Outbreak of itaiitai sickness in Toyama Prefecture (first case of pollution related diseases due to industrial wastes).

1967



一通りやってみると、「この項目はあるのにあれは無いな」とか、「本当にこの年でいいんだっけ」とか、いろいろ思う事もあったが、まあ良しとした。

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